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Grant support

This work was supported by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion PID2023-150116OB-I00. S. Rius-Rocabert was supported by the FPI fellowship funded by Universidad San Pablo CEU. J. Arranz-Herrero was supported by the PFIS fellowship co-funded by the FEDER/FSE and the Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Funding information for this article has been deposited with the Crossref Funder Registry.

Analysis of institutional authors

Alvarez-Losa, LauraAuthorRius-Rocabert, SergioAuthorPozuelo, Maria JoseAuthorNistal-Villan, EstanislaoCorresponding Author

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April 29, 2025
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Influenza vaccine outcomes: a meta-analysis revealing morbidity benefits amid low infection prevention

Publicated to:European Respiratory Review : An Official Journal Of The European Respiratory Society. 34 (175): 240144- - 2025-01-01 34(175), DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0144-2024

Authors: Arranz-Herrero, Javier; Alvarez-Losa, Laura; Rius-Rocabert, Sergio; Pozuelo, Maria Jose; Lalueza, Antonio; Ochando, Jordi; Eiros, Jose Maria; Sanz-Munoz, Ivan; Nistal-Villan, Estanislao

Affiliations

CEU Univ, Univ San Pablo CEU, Fac Med, Inst Appl Mol Med IMMA,Dept Basic Med Sci,Urbaniza, Boadilla Del Monte, Spain - Author
CEU Univ, Univ San Pablo CEU, Fac Med, Urbanizac Monteprincipe, Boadilla Del Monte, Spain - Author
Complutense Univ Madrid UCM, Fac Med, Madrid, Spain - Author
Ctr Invest Biomed Red Enfermedades Infecciosas CIB, Madrid, Spain - Author
Hosp Clin Univ Valladolid, Natl Influenza Ctr, Edificio Rondilla, Valladolid 47009, Spain - Author
Hosp Univ 12 Octubre, Serv Med Interna, Madrid, Spain - Author
Inst Invest Sanitaria Hosp 12 Octubre imas12, Madrid, Spain - Author
Inst Salud Carlos III, Natl Ctr Microbiol, Transplant Immunol Unit, Madrid, Spain - Author
Univ San Pablo CEU, Fac Farm, Dept CC Farmaceut & Salud, Microbiol Sect, Madrid, Spain - Author
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Abstract

Background The morbidity and mortality associated with influenza viruses are a significant public health challenge. Annual vaccination against circulating influenza strains reduces hospitalisations and increases survival rates but requires a yearly redesign of vaccines against prevalent subtypes. The complex genetics of influenza viruses with high antigenic drift create an ongoing challenge in vaccine development to address dynamic influenza epidemiology. Understanding the evolution of influenza viruses and the vaccine's effectiveness against different types and subtypes is pivotal to designing public health measures against influenza. Methods We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of 192 705 patients, collecting information on the incidence and severity of the disease. The results of this meta-analysis were further validated using data from 6 594 765 patients from TriNetX. We analysed the prevalence of the most common influenza A virus (IAV) subtypes (H1N1 and H3N2) and influenza B virus (IBV), as well as vaccination effectiveness against them in three age groups, given that age is associated with influenza disease severity. Results Our analysis reflects that overall vaccination against H1N1 IAV and IBV is effective in reducing infection and influenza-related complications in children aged 65 years old. By contrast, while vaccination against H3N2 IAV is effective in protecting against infection in infants

Keywords

AdolescentAdultAge factorsAgedChildChild, preschoolFemaleHumansIncidenceInfantInfluenza a virus, h1n1 subtypeInfluenza a virus, h3n2 subtypeInfluenza b virusInfluenza vaccinesInfluenza, humanMaleMiddle agedPrevalenceRisk factorsSeverity of illness indexTreatment outcomeVaccinationVaccine efficacyYoung adult

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal European Respiratory Review : An Official Journal Of The European Respiratory Society due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2025, it was in position 5/108, thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Respiratory System. Notably, the journal is positioned above the 90th percentile.

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-09-13:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 37.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 20 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 210.7.
  • The number of mentions on the social network X (formerly Twitter): 40 (Altmetric).
  • The number of mentions in news outlets: 22 (Altmetric).

Leadership analysis of institutional authors

There is a significant leadership presence as some of the institution’s authors appear as the first or last signer, detailed as follows: Last Author (NISTAL VILLAN, ESTANISLAO).

the author responsible for correspondence tasks has been NISTAL VILLAN, ESTANISLAO.