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Arias-Navalon, Jose AAuthor

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May 13, 2024
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Trajectory of anxiety/depressive symptoms and sleep quality in individuals who had been hospitalized by COVID-19: The LONG-COVID-EXP multicenter study

Publicated to: JOURNAL OF PSYCHOSOMATIC RESEARCH. 179 111635- - 2024-04-01 179(), DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2024.111635

Authors:

Fernández-de-las-Peñas, C; Arias-Navalón, JA; Martín-Guerrero, JD; Pellicer-Valero, OJ; Cigarán-Méndez, M
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Affiliations

Univ CEU San Pablo, Sch Med, Madrid, Spain - Author
Univ Rey Juan Carlos URJC, Dept Phys Therapy, Occupat Therapy, Phys Med & Rehabil, Madrid, Spain - Author
Univ Rey Juan Carlos URJC, Dept Psychol, Madrid, Spain - Author
Univ Rey Juan Carlos, Fac Ciencias Salud, Ave Atenas S-N, Alcorcon 28922, Madrid, Spain - Author
Univ Valencia UV, ETSE Engn Sch, Dept Elect Engn, Intelligent Data Anal Lab, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain - Author
Univ Valencia, Image Proc Lab IPL, Parc Cient, Paterna, Valencia, Spain - Author
Valencian Grad Sch & Res Network Artificial Intell, Valencia, Spain - Author
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Abstract

Objective: To apply Sankey plots and exponential bar plots for visualizing the evolution of anxiety/depressive symptoms and poor sleep in previously hospitalized COVID-19 survivors. Methods: A sample of 1266 subjects who were hospitalized due to a SARS-CoV-2 from March-May 2020 were assessed at 8.4 (T1), 13.2 (T2) and 18.3 (T3) months after hospitalization. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was used to determine anxiety (HADS-A) and depressive (HADS-D) symptoms. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) evaluated sleep quality. Clinical features, onset symptoms and hospital data were collected from medical records. Results: Sankey plots revealed that the prevalence of anxiety symptomatology (HADS-A >= 8 points) was 22.5% (n = 285) at T1, 17.6% (n = 223) at T2, and 7.9% (n = 100) at T3, whereas the prevalence of depressive symptoms (HADS-D >= 8 points) was 14.6% (n = 185) at T1, 10.9% (n = 138) at T2, and 6.1% (n = 78) at T3. Finally, the prevalence of poor sleep (PSQI >= 8 points) decreased from 32.8% (n = 415) at T1, to 28.8% (n = 365) at T2, and to 24.8% (n = 314) at T3. The recovery curves show a decrease trend visualizing that these symptoms recovered the following years after discharge. The regression models did not reveal medical records associated with anxiety/depressive symptoms or poor sleep. Conclusion: The use of Sankey plots shows a fluctuating evolution of anxiety/depressive symptoms and poor sleep during the first years after the infection. In addition, exponential bar plots revealed a decrease prevalence of these symptoms during the first years after hospital discharge. No risk factors were identified in this cohort.
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Keywords

AnxietyCareCovid-19DepressionDepression scaleHumansInfectionPost-acute covid-19 syndromePost-covid sankey plotsSars-cov-2SleepSleep initiation and maintenance disordersSleep quality

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal JOURNAL OF PSYCHOSOMATIC RESEARCH due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency Scopus (SJR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2024 there are still no calculated indicators, but in 2023, it was in position , thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Clinical Psychology.

Independientemente del impacto esperado determinado por el canal de difusión, es importante destacar el impacto real observado de la propia aportación.

Según las diferentes agencias de indexación, el número de citas acumuladas por esta publicación hasta la fecha 2026-04-13:

  • WoS: 5
  • Scopus: 4
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Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2026-04-13:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 29.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 29 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 1.
  • The number of mentions on the social network X (formerly Twitter): 2 (Altmetric).

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

  • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.
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Awards linked to the item

The LONG-COVID-EXP-CM is supported by a grant associated to the Fondo Europeo De Desarrollo Regional-Recursos REACT-UE del Programa Operativo de Madrid 2014-2020, en la linea de actuacion de proyectos de I + D + i en materia de respuesta a COVID 19. The sponsor had no role in the design, collection, management, analysis, or interpretation of the data, draft, review, or approval of the manuscript or its content. The authors were responsible for the decision to submit the manuscript for publication, and the sponsor did not participate in this decision.
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