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This research was funded by Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities grant number MGI21EAA.

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Reche-Sainz, PalomaAuthorGonzalez-Reguero, DanielCorresponding AuthorRobas-Mora, MarinaAuthorDe La Iglesia, RocioCorresponding AuthorUbeda, NataliaAuthorAlonso-Aperte, ElenaAuthorJimenez-Gomez, Pedro AAuthor

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September 3, 2025
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Effect of a Gluten-Free Diet on the Intestinal Microbiota of Women with Celiac Disease

Publicated to:Antibiotics. 14 (8): 785- - 2025-08-02 14(8), DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics14080785

Authors: Serrano, M Mar Morcillo; Reche-Sainz, Paloma; Gonzalez-Reguero, Daniel; Robas-Mora, Marina; de la Iglesia, Rocio; Ubeda, Natalia; Alonso-Aperte, Elena; Arranz-Herrero, Javier; Jimenez-Gomez, Pedro A

Affiliations

Univ San Pablo CEU, Dept Pharmaceut & Hlth Sci, Boadilla Del Monte 28660, Spain - Author
Univ San Pablo CEU, Fac Farm, Dept Ciencias Farmaceut & Salud, Res Grp Food & Nutr Hlth Promot CEU NutriFOOD, Boadilla Del Monte 28660, Spain - Author
Univ San Pablo CEU, Med Fac, Dept Ciencias Med Basicas, Inst Med Mol Aplicada IMMA Nemesio Diez, Boadilla Del Monte 28660, Spain - Author
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Abstract

Background/Objectives: Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by small intestinal enteropathy triggered by gluten ingestion, often associated with gut dysbiosis. The most effective treatment is strict adherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD), which alleviates symptoms. This study uniquely integrates taxonomic, functional, and resistance profiling to evaluate the gut microbiota of women with CD on a GFD. Methods: To evaluate the long-term impact of a GFD, this study analyzed the gut microbiota of 10 women with CD on a GFD for over a year compared to 10 healthy controls with unrestricted diets. Taxonomic diversity (16S rRNA gene sequencing and the analysis of alpha and beta-diversity), metabolic functionality (Biolog EcoPlates (R)), and antibiotic resistance profiles (Cenoantibiogram) were assessed. Results: Metagenomic analysis revealed no significant differences in taxonomic diversity but highlighted variations in the abundance of specific bacterial genera. Women with CD showed increased proportions of Bacteroides, Streptococcus, and Clostridium, associated with inflammation, but also elevated levels of beneficial genera such as Roseburia, Oxalobacter, and Paraprevotella. Despite no significant differences in metabolic diversity, higher minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) in women in the healthy control group suggest that dietary substrates in unrestricted diets may promote the proliferation of fast-growing bacteria capable of rapidly developing and disseminating antibiotic resistance mechanisms. Conclusions: These findings indicate that prolonged adherence to a GFD in CD supports remission of gut dysbiosis, enhances microbiota functionality, and may reduce the risk of antibiotic resistance, emphasizing the importance of dietary management in CD.

Keywords

Antibiotic resistancAntibiotic resistanceCeliac diseaseCenoantibiogramGluten-free dietGut microbiotaMetagenomics

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Antibiotics due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2025, it was in position 17/137, thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Infectious Diseases.

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-10-24:

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

    It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

    • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.

    Leadership analysis of institutional authors

    There is a significant leadership presence as some of the institution’s authors appear as the first or last signer, detailed as follows: First Author (Serrano, M Mar Morcillo) and Last Author (JIMENEZ GOMEZ, PEDRO ANTONIO).

    the authors responsible for correspondence tasks have been GONZALEZ REGUERO, DANIEL and de la Iglesia González, Rocío.